Propeller.



No. 787,745. PATENTED APR. 18, 1905 G. T. FRBID.

' PROPELLER. APPLIUATIOF FILED JULY 2,.1903.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

WITNESSES:

.m zm oe No. 787,745. PATENTED APR. 18, 1905.

0. T. FRBID. PROPBLLBR.

APPLICATION FILED J LY 2, 190a.

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WITNESSES:

INVENTOR'.

\ I ATTORNEY CALVIN T. FREID, OF WEST ORANGE, NEW JERSEY, AISSIGNOR TO FREID seesaw.

. UNITED STATES- Patented April 18, 1905.

PATENT. OFF CE.

ENGINEERING COMPANY, A CORPORATION OFNEWJERSEY.

PROPELLER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 787,745, dated April 18, 1905. "Application filed July 2, 1903. Serial No. 163,986.

To all whom it may concern,-

Beit known that 1, CALVIN 1. FREID, a citizen of the United States, residing at West Orange, in the county of Essex and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in .Propeller's; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art towhich it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to characters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification. I This invention has reference .to improvements'in screw-propellers; and the invention relates more particularly to a novel construction of thrust-propeller, which is intended for movement in a medium or element in which it is submerged in a direction parallel to its axis or center about which it is caused to revolve.

The present invention has for its principal object to provide a. propeller composed of a hub or hub members and blades adapted to be attached to ashaft or of a number of blades fastened directly to the shaft and provided with a suitable means for attaching said blades in their operative positions upon the shaft, all in the manner hereinafter more particularly set forth.

The invention has for its further object the construction of a novel form of propellerblade, which is planned .to follow the theoretical lines of centrifugal force which iscreated and is due tothe mass of the element acted upon by. the blades in the advance of the same. the. average torque of the direct contact of the blade with said element, and the velocity of the torque in feet, squared, whereby the power expended in the creation of the aforesaid centrifugal force in thrust parallel to the axis of the propeller is fully utilized.

My invention consists, therefore, in the novel form of screw-propeller and -propeller-.

blade hereinafter more fully described and embodying the featuresabove set forth.

This invention consists, furthermore, in the various arrangements and combinations of. devices and parts more particularly described said specification and form a part of the same.

The invention is clearly illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is aface view of a thrust-propeller having propeller-blades made according to and embodying the principles of the present invention, the said blades 'being'separately and detachably arranged upon the shaft from which they receive their rotary move- ,ments and illustrating in connection therewith a ring comprising a pair of separable half-sections for retaining said-blades in position upon the shaft against longitudinal slip or displacement. Fig. 2 is adetailviewillus- 'trating in side elevation the end portion of the propeller-shaft, a sectional representation of portions of two of the propeller-blades, and 'a transverse section of the said sectional holding-ring. Fig. 3 .is a view'of the said sectional holding-ring, partly in elevation and.

partly in section, illustrating one means of operatively connecting the half-sections of the said ring. Fig. 4. is a view similar to Fig. 1,' but representing the propeller-shaft in transverse vertical section, the sectional re: taining-ring having been omitted from this View to illustrate one arrangement of securing the propeller-blades to the shaft by means of undercut grooves in the shaft and adovetail member on each blade, said View indi-' eating in dotted line the radial circular line, on which the average torque is based and also .the line of centrifugal force which is created by and in direct ratio to the mass or resisting element from-which the propeller.-

blade derives itsthrust when the propeller is in motion. Fig. 5 is a perspective view of one of the propeller-blades employed with the" propeller represented in said Figs. 1 and 4,.

and Fig.6 is a top edge view of the same.

Fig. 7 isa face view of a propeller embodying the principles of my present invention,

but'in which the propeller-blades are cast integral with a hub which is to be attached upon the propeller-shaft.- Similar characters of referehce are emmay be separately made and may be detachably connected with the shaft in the manner to be presently described. That the blades 4 may thus be separably connected with the. shaft 2 the latter is preferably provided with a reduced end portion 5, as indicated in Fig.

I '2 of the drawings, the same forming with the larger body portion of the shaft a thrust-1e sisting shoulder 6. The reduced portion of the shaft 2 directly in front of this shoulder 6 is made with a number of longitudinally-extending undercut or dovetail grooves or channels 7 corresponding in number to the number of propeller-blades employed. The said reduced portion 5 of the shaft is also preferably made with an annular groove 8 and an annular flange '9. all substantially as illustrated in said Fig. 2 of the drawings.

Each propeller-blade 4 is 'made at its base or root 10 with an arc-shaped extension of member 11, provided with the dovetail-12. In the present construction the reduced portion 5 of the shaft is made with four of such dovetailed grooves or channels 7 and each extension or member 1 1 is made quadrant-shaped, so that the four extensions or members 11,

I having their dovetails 12 fitted in the respective dovetail grooves or channels 7. will form a complete circular hub on the shaft, as clearly illustrated in Figs. 1 and 4 of the drawings.

The blades are held in their respective positions upon the reduced portion of the shaft 2 against longitudinal slip or displacement by a sectional retaining-ring 13. (Represented more particularly in Fig. 3 of the drawings.) This ring 13 has its two half-sections 14 fitted in the annular groove 8 and is locked between the outer face of the hub formed by the four extensions or members 11 and the annular flange 9 by a suitable arrangement of retain.

ing bolts or screws 15. These bolts or screws are arranged, preferably, as illustrated in said Fig'J3, by being arranged in a hole 16 in each half=section 14 and being tapped into an oppo sitely located screw-threaded receiving-socket 17 in the opposite half-section 14. The heads "18 ofthe said screws or bolts are arranged in suitable receiving-recesses 19 in each half-section 14 and are locked or fastened against turnnut-lock, as 20.

ing by means of any suitable construction of Referring now to Fig. 4 of the drawings, the helical dotted lines C indicate theoretically the correct lines of centrifugal force created by and in direct ratio to the mass of resisting element from which the propeller derives its thrust when in motion and as indicated by the arrow C. The thrust area or face of each blade 4 is indicated by the reference character A, and it is planned by having the outer marginal edge 21 of the blade follow the line C,

indicating the line of centrifugal force, as

shown, said face extending rearwardly and its area being based on the force created by and in direct ratio to the mass or resisting element against which the blade acts, the torque on which the blade comes in contact with the element, and as to the square of the velocity of the average torque in feet, D being the radial circular line on which the average torque is based.

'It will be understood that in the construction of propeller represented in said Figs. 1 to. 6, inclusive, each blade is separately made and can be quickly arranged in its operative position upon the shaft 2, and a strong-and serviceable propeller is produced, and owing to the dovetail connection of the parts the possibility of the breaking of a propellerblade when in action is reduced to a minimum. Of course it will be understood that the propeller-blades planned and constructed according to the principles of my present invention may be cast integral with a central hub, as has been stated, or when separately made may be provided with variously-com, structed means for separably connecting each blade with the shaft without departing from the scope of this invention. limit my invention to the exact arrangements and combinations of the devices and parts as described in the foregoing specification and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings nor do I confine myself to the exact details of the construction of the various parts.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is 1. A propeller comprising a number of propeller-blades, each blade consisting of a face,

' representing the thrust area of the blade, and

an outer marginal and curved edge on each blade, said edge being part of an increased spiral starting at the center of the propeller and said spiral representing the line of centrifugal force of the propeller, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

a 2. Apropellercomprising,anumber of propeller-blades, each blade consisting of a face, representing the thrust area of the blade, the said face extending in a rearward direction from the root of the blade, and an outer marginal and curved edge on each blade, said edge being part of an increased spiral starting at the center of the propeller and said spiral representing the line of centrifugal force of the Hence I do not an outer marginal and curved edge on' each blade, said edge being part of an increased like ratio, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

4. v The combination, with a propeller-shaft having a squared extension forming with the said shaft a thrust-receiving shoulder. of a series of separately-constructed propellerblades, and means for securing said blades in position upon said squared extension, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

5. The combination, with a propeller-shaft, of a series of separately-constructed propellerblades, and means for securing said blades in position upon said shaft, each bladeconsisting of a face, representing the thrust area of the blade, and an outer marginal and curved. edge on each blade, said edge being part of an in-.

creased spiral starting at the center of the propeller and said spiral representing the line of centrifugal force of the propeller, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

6. The combination, with a propeller-shaft, of a series of separately-constructed propellerblades, and means for securing said blades in position upon said shaft, each blade consisting of a face, representing the thrust area of the blade, the said face extending in a rearward direction from the root of the blade, and an outer marginal and curved edge on each blade, said edge being part of an increased spiral starting at the center of the propeller and said spiral representing the line of centrifugal force of the propeller, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

7. The combination, with a propeller-shaft having asquared extension forming with the said shaft a thrust-receiving shoulder, said extension being provided with a series of dovetail grooves, of a series of separately-constructed propeller-blades, a hub member at the root of each blade, and a dovetail connected with each hub member registering with a dovetail groove, substantially as-and for the purposes set forth.

'8. The combination,'with a propeller-shaft area of the blade, and an outer marginal andcurved edge on each blade, said edge being part of an increased spiral starting at the center of'the propellerand said spiralrepresenting the line 'of centrifugal force on; the propeller, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

9. The combination, with a propellerQshaft having a thrust-receiving shoulder, and a series of dovetail grooves, of a series of separatelyconstructed propellerjblades, a hub member at the root-of each blade,.and aldovetail connected with each hub member registering with a dovetail, and each blade'consisting of a face, representing the thrust area of the blade, the said face extending in a rearward direction from the root of the blade, and an outer marginaland curved edge on each blade, said edge being part of an increased spiral starting at the center of the propeller and said spiral representing the line of. centrifugal force of the propeller, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

10. The combination, with a propeller-shaft, having a thrust-receiving shoulder, a series of dovetail grooves, and an annular groove and annular shoulder, of a series of separatelyconstructed propeller-blades, a hub member at the root of each blade, a dovetail connected with each member registering with a dovetail groove, and'a retaining-collar in said annular groove, comprising a pair of half-sections,

and bolts for securing said half-sections to-'- member registering with a dovetail groove,

and a retaining-collar in said annular groove, comprising, a pair of half-sections, and bolts for securing said half-sections together, and each propeller-blade consisting of a face, representingthe thrust area of the blade, and an outer marginal and curved edge on each blade, said edge being part of an increased spiral starting at the center of the propeller and said groove, and a retaining-collar in said annular.

groove, comprising'a pair of half-sections, and bolts for securing said half-sections together, and each propeller-blade consisting of a face,

representing the'thrust area of the blade, the

.said face extending in a rearwarddirection from the root of the blade, and an outer mar- &

ginal and curved edge on each blade, said edge being part of an increased spiral starting at the center of the propeller and said spiral representing the line of centrifugal force of the propeller, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

13. The combination, withapropeller-shaft having a thrust-receiving shoulder, and a series of dovetail grooves, each dovetailgroove extending in the direction of the central axis of the shaft and each dovetail groove having its central axis located at one side of said central axis of the shaft, to provide an arrangement of dovetail grooves eccentric with the said shaft, of a series of separately-construct ed propeller-blades, a hub member at the root of each blade, and adovetail connected with each hub member registering with a dovetail groove, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

14. The combination, with a propeller-shaft having a thrust-receiving shoulder, and a serles of dovetall grooves, each dovetail groove extending in thedirection of the central axis of the shaft and each dovetail-groove'having its central axis located at one side of said c'enpair of half-sections, and bolts for securing said half-sections together, substantially as i and for the purposes set forth.

In testimony that I claim the invention set forth above I have hereunto set my hand this 26th day of June, 1903.

CALVIN T. FREID.

Witnesses:

FREDK. C. FRAENTZEL, GEO, D. RICHARDS.- 

